MySQL 6.0 Reference Manual

Table of Contents     [+/-]

Preface

1. General Information     [+/-]

1.1. About This Manual

1.2. Typographical and Syntax Conventions

1.3. Overview of the MySQL Database Management System     [+/-]

1.3.1. What is MySQL?

1.3.2. History of MySQL

1.3.3. The Main Features of MySQL

1.4. MySQL Development Roadmap     [+/-]

1.4.1. What's New in MySQL 6.0

1.5. MySQL Information Sources     [+/-]

1.5.1. MySQL Mailing Lists

1.5.2. MySQL Community Support at the MySQL Forums

1.5.3. MySQL Community Support on Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

1.5.4. MySQL Enterprise

1.6. How to Report Bugs or Problems

1.7. MySQL Standards Compliance     [+/-]

1.7.1. What Standards MySQL Follows

1.7.2. Selecting SQL Modes

1.7.3. Running MySQL in ANSI Mode

1.7.4. MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL

1.7.5. MySQL Differences from Standard SQL

1.7.6. How MySQL Deals with Constraints

1.8. Credits     [+/-]

1.8.1. Developers at MySQL AB

1.8.2. Contributors to MySQL

1.8.3. Documenters and translators

1.8.4. Libraries used by and included with MySQL

1.8.5. Packages that support MySQL

1.8.6. Tools that were used to create MySQL

1.8.7. Supporters of MySQL

2. Installing and Upgrading MySQL     [+/-]

2.1. General Installation Issues     [+/-]

2.1.1. Operating Systems Supported by MySQL Community Server

2.1.2. Choosing Which MySQL Distribution to Install

2.1.3. How to Get MySQL

2.1.4. Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG

2.1.5. Installation Layouts

2.2. Standard MySQL Installation Using a Binary Distribution

2.3. Installing MySQL on Windows     [+/-]

2.3.1. Choosing An Installation Package

2.3.2. Installing MySQL with the Automated Installer

2.3.3. Using the MySQL Installation Wizard

2.3.4. Using the Configuration Wizard

2.3.5. Installing MySQL from a Noinstall Zip Archive

2.3.6. Extracting the Install Archive

2.3.7. Creating an Option File

2.3.8. Selecting a MySQL Server Type

2.3.9. Starting the Server for the First Time

2.3.10. Starting MySQL from the Windows Command Line

2.3.11. Starting MySQL as a Windows Service

2.3.12. Testing The MySQL Installation

2.3.13. Troubleshooting a MySQL Installation Under Windows

2.3.14. Upgrading MySQL on Windows

2.3.15. MySQL on Windows Compared to MySQL on Unix

2.4. Installing MySQL from RPM Packages on Linux

2.5. Installing MySQL on Mac OS X

2.6. Installing MySQL on Solaris

2.7. Installing MySQL on NetWare

2.8. Installing MySQL from tar.gz Packages on Other Unix-Like Systems

2.9. MySQL Installation Using a Source Distribution     [+/-]

2.9.1. Source Installation Overview

2.9.2. Typical configure Options

2.9.3. Installing from the Development Source Tree

2.9.4. Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL

2.9.5. MIT-pthreads Notes

2.9.6. Installing MySQL from Source on Windows

2.9.7. Compiling MySQL Clients on Windows

2.10. Post-Installation Setup and Testing     [+/-]

2.10.1. Windows Post-Installation Procedures

2.10.2. Unix Post-Installation Procedures

2.10.3. Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts

2.11. Upgrading MySQL     [+/-]

2.11.1. Upgrading from MySQL 5.1 to 6.0

2.11.2. Copying MySQL Databases to Another Machine

2.12. Downgrading MySQL     [+/-]

2.12.1. Downgrading to MySQL 5.0

2.13. Operating System-Specific Notes     [+/-]

2.13.1. Linux Notes

2.13.2. Mac OS X Notes

2.13.3. Solaris Notes

2.13.4. BSD Notes

2.13.5. Other Unix Notes

2.14. Environment Variables

2.15. Perl Installation Notes     [+/-]

2.15.1. Installing Perl on Unix

2.15.2. Installing ActiveState Perl on Windows

2.15.3. Problems Using the Perl DBI/DBD Interface

3. Tutorial     [+/-]

3.1. Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server

3.2. Entering Queries

3.3. Creating and Using a Database     [+/-]

3.3.1. Creating and Selecting a Database

3.3.2. Creating a Table

3.3.3. Loading Data into a Table

3.3.4. Retrieving Information from a Table

3.4. Getting Information About Databases and Tables

3.5. Using mysql in Batch Mode

3.6. Examples of Common Queries     [+/-]

3.6.1. The Maximum Value for a Column

3.6.2. The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column

3.6.3. Maximum of Column per Group

3.6.4. The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Field

3.6.5. Using User-Defined Variables

3.6.6. Using Foreign Keys

3.6.7. Searching on Two Keys

3.6.8. Calculating Visits Per Day

3.6.9. Using AUTO_INCREMENT

3.7. Queries from the Twin Project     [+/-]

3.7.1. Find All Non-distributed Twins

3.7.2. Show a Table of Twin Pair Status

3.8. Using MySQL with Apache

4. MySQL Programs     [+/-]

4.1. Overview of MySQL Programs

4.2. Using MySQL Programs     [+/-]

4.2.1. Invoking MySQL Programs

4.2.2. Connecting to the MySQL Server

4.2.3. Specifying Program Options

4.2.4. Setting Environment Variables

4.3. MySQL Server and Server-Startup Programs     [+/-]

4.3.1. mysqld — The MySQL Server

4.3.2. mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script

4.3.3. mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script

4.3.4. mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers

4.4. MySQL Installation-Related Programs     [+/-]

4.4.1. comp_err — Compile MySQL Error Message File

4.4.2. make_win_bin_dist — Package MySQL Distribution as ZIP Archive

4.4.3. mysqlbug — Generate Bug Report

4.4.4. mysql_fix_privilege_tables — Upgrade MySQL System Tables

4.4.5. mysql_install_db — Initialize MySQL Data Directory

4.4.6. mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security

4.4.7. mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — Load the Time Zone Tables

4.4.8. mysql_upgrade — Check Tables for MySQL Upgrade

4.5. MySQL Client Programs     [+/-]

4.5.1. mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Tool

4.5.2. mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server

4.5.3. mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance and Repair Program

4.5.4. mysqldump — A Database Backup Program

4.5.5. mysqlimport — A Data Import Program

4.5.6. mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information

4.5.7. mysqlslap — Load Emulation Client

4.6. MySQL Administrative and Utility Programs     [+/-]

4.6.1. innochecksum — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility

4.6.2. myisam_ftdump — Display Full-Text Index information

4.6.3. myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility

4.6.4. myisamlog — Display MyISAM Log File Contents

4.6.5. myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables

4.6.6. mysqlaccess — Client for Checking Access Privileges

4.6.7. mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files

4.6.8. mysqlhotcopy — A Database Backup Program

4.6.9. mysql_convert_table_format — Convert Tables to Use a Given Storage Engine

4.6.10. mysql_find_rows — Extract SQL Statements from Files

4.6.11. mysql_fix_extensions — Normalize Table Filename Extensions

4.6.12. mysql_setpermission — Interactively Set Permissions in Grant Tables

4.6.13. mysql_waitpid — Kill Process and Wait for Its Termination

4.6.14. mysql_zap — Kill Processes That Match a Pattern

4.7. MySQL Program Development Utilities     [+/-]

4.7.1. msql2mysql — Convert mSQL Programs for Use with MySQL

4.7.2. mysql_config — Get Compile Options for Compiling Clients

4.7.3. my_print_defaults — Display Options from Option Files

4.7.4. resolve_stack_dump — Resolve Numeric Stack Trace Dump to Symbols

4.8. Miscellaneous Programs     [+/-]

4.8.1. perror — Explain Error Codes

4.8.2. replace — A String-Replacement Utility

4.8.3. resolveip — Resolve Hostname to IP Address or Vice Versa

5. MySQL Server Administration     [+/-]

5.1. The MySQL Server     [+/-]

5.1.1. Option and Variable Reference

5.1.2. Command Options

5.1.3. System Variables

5.1.4. Session System Variables

5.1.5. Using System Variables

5.1.6. Status Variables

5.1.7. SQL Modes

5.1.8. Server-Side Help

5.1.9. Server Response to Signals

5.1.10. The Shutdown Process

5.2. MySQL Server Logs     [+/-]

5.2.1. Selecting General Query and Slow Query Log Output Destinations

5.2.2. The Error Log

5.2.3. The General Query Log

5.2.4. The Binary Log

5.2.5. The Slow Query Log

5.2.6. Server Log Maintenance

5.3. General Security Issues     [+/-]

5.3.1. General Security Guidelines

5.3.2. Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers

5.3.3. Security-Related mysqld Options

5.3.4. Security Issues with LOAD DATA LOCAL

5.3.5. How to Run MySQL as a Normal User

5.4. The MySQL Access Privilege System     [+/-]

5.4.1. What the Privilege System Does

5.4.2. How the Privilege System Works

5.4.3. Privileges Provided by MySQL

5.4.4. Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification

5.4.5. Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification

5.4.6. When Privilege Changes Take Effect

5.4.7. Causes of Access denied Errors

5.4.8. Password Hashing as of MySQL 4.1

5.5. MySQL User Account Management     [+/-]

5.5.1. MySQL Usernames and Passwords

5.5.2. Adding New User Accounts to MySQL

5.5.3. Removing User Accounts from MySQL

5.5.4. Limiting Account Resources

5.5.5. Assigning Account Passwords

5.5.6. Keeping Passwords Secure

5.5.7. Using SSL for Secure Connections

5.5.8. Auditing MySQL Account Activity

5.6. Running Multiple MySQL Servers on the Same Machine     [+/-]

5.6.1. Running Multiple Servers on Windows

5.6.2. Running Multiple Servers on Unix

5.6.3. Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment

6. Backup and Recovery     [+/-]

6.1. Database Backups

6.2. Example Backup and Recovery Strategy     [+/-]

6.2.1. Backup Policy

6.2.2. Using Backups for Recovery

6.2.3. Backup Strategy Summary

6.3. Using MySQL Backup     [+/-]

6.3.1. Quick Guide to MySQL Backup

6.3.2. How MySQL Backup Works

6.3.3. MySQL Backup Status Reporting and Monitoring

6.4. Point-in-Time Recovery     [+/-]

6.4.1. Specifying Times for Recovery

6.4.2. Specifying Positions for Recovery

6.5. Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery     [+/-]

6.5.1. Using myisamchk for Crash Recovery

6.5.2. How to Check MyISAM Tables for Errors

6.5.3. How to Repair Tables

6.5.4. Table Optimization

6.5.5. Getting Information About a Table

6.5.6. Setting Up a Table Maintenance Schedule

7. Optimization     [+/-]

7.1. Optimization Overview     [+/-]

7.1.1. MySQL Design Limitations and Tradeoffs

7.1.2. Designing Applications for Portability

7.1.3. What We Have Used MySQL For

7.1.4. The MySQL Benchmark Suite

7.1.5. Using Your Own Benchmarks

7.2. Optimizing SELECT and Other Statements     [+/-]

7.2.1. Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN

7.2.2. Estimating Query Performance

7.2.3. Speed of SELECT Queries

7.2.4. WHERE Clause Optimization

7.2.5. Range Optimization

7.2.6. Index Merge Optimization

7.2.7. Condition Pushdown Optimization

7.2.8. Index Condition Pushdown Optimization

7.2.9. Multi Read Range Optimization

7.2.10. IS NULL Optimization

7.2.11. LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN Optimization

7.2.12. Nested Join Optimization

7.2.13. Outer Join Simplification

7.2.14. ORDER BY Optimization

7.2.15. GROUP BY Optimization

7.2.16. DISTINCT Optimization

7.2.17. Optimizing IN/=ANY Subqueries

7.2.18. LIMIT Optimization

7.2.19. How to Avoid Table Scans

7.2.20. INFORMATION_SCHEMA Optimization

7.2.21. Speed of INSERT Statements

7.2.22. Speed of UPDATE Statements

7.2.23. Speed of DELETE Statements

7.2.24. Other Optimization Tips

7.3. Locking Issues     [+/-]

7.3.1. Internal Locking Methods

7.3.2. Table Locking Issues

7.3.3. Concurrent Inserts

7.3.4. External Locking

7.4. Optimizing Database Structure     [+/-]

7.4.1. Design Choices

7.4.2. Make Your Data as Small as Possible

7.4.3. Column Indexes

7.4.4. Multiple-Column Indexes

7.4.5. How MySQL Uses Indexes

7.4.6. The MyISAM Key Cache

7.4.7. MyISAM Index Statistics Collection

7.4.8. How MySQL Opens and Closes Tables

7.4.9. Disadvantages of Creating Many Tables in the Same Database

7.5. Optimizing the MySQL Server     [+/-]

7.5.1. System Factors and Startup Parameter Tuning

7.5.2. Tuning Server Parameters

7.5.3. Controlling Query Optimizer Performance

7.5.4. The MySQL Query Cache

7.5.5. Examining Thread Information

7.5.6. How Compiling and Linking Affects the Speed of MySQL

7.5.7. How MySQL Uses Threads for Client Connections

7.5.8. How MySQL Uses Memory

7.5.9. How MySQL Uses Internal Temporary Tables

7.5.10. How MySQL Uses DNS

7.6. Disk Issues     [+/-]

7.6.1. Using Symbolic Links

8. Language Structure     [+/-]

8.1. Literal Values     [+/-]

8.1.1. Strings

8.1.2. Numbers

8.1.3. Hexadecimal Values

8.1.4. Boolean Values

8.1.5. Bit-Field Values

8.1.6. NULL Values

8.2. Schema Object Names     [+/-]

8.2.1. Identifier Qualifiers

8.2.2. Identifier Case Sensitivity

8.2.3. Mapping of Identifiers to Filenames

8.2.4. Function Name Parsing and Resolution

8.3. Reserved Words

8.4. User-Defined Variables

8.5. Comment Syntax

9. Internationalization and Localization     [+/-]

9.1. Character Set Support     [+/-]

9.1.1. Character Sets and Collations in General

9.1.2. Character Sets and Collations in MySQL

9.1.3. Specifying Character Sets and Collations

9.1.4. Connection Character Sets and Collations

9.1.5. Configuring the Character Set and Collation for Applications

9.1.6. Collation Issues

9.1.7. String Repertoire

9.1.8. Operations Affected by Character Set Support

9.1.9. Unicode Support

9.1.10. Upgrading from Previous to Current Unicode Support

9.1.11. UTF-8 for Metadata

9.1.12. Column Character Set Conversion

9.1.13. Character Sets and Collations That MySQL Supports

9.2. The Character Set Used for Data and Sorting     [+/-]

9.2.1. Using the German Character Set

9.3. Setting the Error Message Language

9.4. Adding a New Character Set     [+/-]

9.4.1. The Character Definition Arrays

9.4.2. String Collating Support

9.4.3. Multi-Byte Character Support

9.5. How to Add a New Collation to a Character Set     [+/-]

9.5.1. Collation Implementation Types

9.5.2. Choosing a Collation ID

9.5.3. Adding a Simple Collation to an 8-Bit Character Set

9.5.4. Adding a UCA Collation to a Unicode Character Set

9.6. Problems With Character Sets

9.7. MySQL Server Time Zone Support

9.8. MySQL Server Locale Support

10. Data Types     [+/-]

10.1. Data Type Overview     [+/-]

10.1.1. Overview of Numeric Types

10.1.2. Overview of Date and Time Types

10.1.3. Overview of String Types

10.1.4. Data Type Default Values

10.2. Numeric Types

10.3. Date and Time Types     [+/-]

10.3.1. The DATETIME, DATE, and TIMESTAMP Types

10.3.2. The TIME Type

10.3.3. The YEAR Type

10.3.4. Year 2000 Issues and Date Types

10.4. String Types     [+/-]

10.4.1. The CHAR and VARCHAR Types

10.4.2. The BINARY and VARBINARY Types

10.4.3. The BLOB and TEXT Types

10.4.4. The ENUM Type

10.4.5. The SET Type

10.5. Data Type Storage Requirements

10.6. Choosing the Right Type for a Column

10.7. Using Data Types from Other Database Engines

11. Functions and Operators     [+/-]

11.1. Operator and Function Reference

11.2. Operators     [+/-]

11.2.1. Operator Precedence

11.2.2. Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation

11.2.3. Comparison Functions and Operators

11.2.4. Logical Operators

11.3. Control Flow Functions

11.4. String Functions     [+/-]

11.4.1. String Comparison Functions

11.4.2. Regular Expressions

11.5. Numeric Functions     [+/-]

11.5.1. Arithmetic Operators

11.5.2. Mathematical Functions

11.6. Date and Time Functions

11.7. What Calendar Is Used By MySQL?

11.8. Full-Text Search Functions     [+/-]

11.8.1. Natural Language Full-Text Searches

11.8.2. Boolean Full-Text Searches

11.8.3. Full-Text Searches with Query Expansion

11.8.4. Full-Text Stopwords

11.8.5. Full-Text Restrictions

11.8.6. Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search

11.9. Cast Functions and Operators

11.10. XML Functions

11.11. Other Functions     [+/-]

11.11.1. Bit Functions

11.11.2. Encryption and Compression Functions

11.11.3. Information Functions

11.11.4. Miscellaneous Functions

11.12. Functions and Modifiers for Use with GROUP BY Clauses     [+/-]

11.12.1. GROUP BY (Aggregate) Functions

11.12.2. GROUP BY Modifiers

11.12.3. GROUP BY and HAVING with Hidden Fields

11.13. Spatial Extensions     [+/-]

11.13.1. Introduction to MySQL Spatial Support

11.13.2. The OpenGIS Geometry Model

11.13.3. Supported Spatial Data Formats

11.13.4. Creating a Spatially Enabled MySQL Database

11.13.5. Analyzing Spatial Information

11.13.6. Optimizing Spatial Analysis

11.13.7. MySQL Conformance and Compatibility

11.14. Precision Math     [+/-]

11.14.1. Types of Numeric Values

11.14.2. DECIMAL Data Type Changes

11.14.3. Expression Handling

11.14.4. Rounding Behavior

11.14.5. Precision Math Examples

12. SQL Statement Syntax     [+/-]

12.1. Data Definition Statements     [+/-]

12.1.1. ALTER DATABASE Syntax

12.1.2. ALTER EVENT Syntax

12.1.3. ALTER FUNCTION Syntax

12.1.4. ALTER PROCEDURE Syntax

12.1.5. ALTER SERVER Syntax

12.1.6. ALTER TABLE Syntax

12.1.7. ALTER VIEW Syntax

12.1.8. CREATE DATABASE Syntax

12.1.9. CREATE EVENT Syntax

12.1.10. CREATE FUNCTION Syntax

12.1.11. CREATE INDEX Syntax

12.1.12. CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Syntax

12.1.13. CREATE SERVER Syntax

12.1.14. CREATE TABLE Syntax

12.1.15. CREATE TRIGGER Syntax

12.1.16. CREATE VIEW Syntax

12.1.17. DROP DATABASE Syntax

12.1.18. DROP EVENT Syntax

12.1.19. DROP FUNCTION Syntax

12.1.20. DROP INDEX Syntax

12.1.21. DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Syntax

12.1.22. DROP SERVER Syntax

12.1.23. DROP TABLE Syntax

12.1.24. DROP TRIGGER Syntax

12.1.25. DROP VIEW Syntax

12.1.26. RENAME TABLE Syntax

12.2. Data Manipulation Statements     [+/-]

12.2.1. CALL Syntax

12.2.2. DELETE Syntax

12.2.3. DO Syntax

12.2.4. HANDLER Syntax

12.2.5. INSERT Syntax

12.2.6. LOAD DATA INFILE Syntax

12.2.7. LOAD XML Syntax

12.2.8. REPLACE Syntax

12.2.9. SELECT Syntax

12.2.10. Subquery Syntax

12.2.11. TRUNCATE Syntax

12.2.12. UPDATE Syntax

12.3. MySQL Utility Statements     [+/-]

12.3.1. DESCRIBE Syntax

12.3.2. EXPLAIN Syntax

12.3.3. HELP Syntax

12.3.4. USE Syntax

12.4. MySQL Transactional and Locking Statements     [+/-]

12.4.1. START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Syntax

12.4.2. Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back

12.4.3. Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit

12.4.4. SAVEPOINT and ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT Syntax

12.4.5. LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Syntax

12.4.6. SET TRANSACTION Syntax

12.4.7. XA Transactions

12.5. Database Administration Statements     [+/-]

12.5.1. Account Management Statements

12.5.2. Table Maintenance Statements

12.5.3. Backup and Restore Statements

12.5.4. Plugin and User-Defined Function Statements

12.5.5. SET Syntax

12.5.6. SHOW Syntax

12.5.7. Other Administrative Statements

12.6. Replication Statements     [+/-]

12.6.1. SQL Statements for Controlling Master Servers

12.6.2. SQL Statements for Controlling Slave Servers

12.7. SQL Syntax for Prepared Statements     [+/-]

12.7.1. Automatic Prepared Statement Repreparation

12.8. MySQL Compound-Statement Syntax     [+/-]

12.8.1. BEGIN ... END Compound Statement Syntax

12.8.2. DECLARE Syntax

12.8.3. Variables in Stored Programs

12.8.4. Conditions and Handlers

12.8.5. Cursors

12.8.6. Flow Control Constructs

12.8.7. RETURN Syntax

13. Storage Engines     [+/-]

13.1. Overview of MySQL Storage Engine Architecture     [+/-]

13.1.1. The Common Database Server Layer

13.1.2. Pluggable Storage Engine Architecture

13.2. Supported Storage Engines     [+/-]

13.2.1. Choosing a Storage Engine

13.2.2. Comparing Transaction and Non-Transaction Engines

13.2.3. Other Storage Engines

13.3. Setting the Storage Engine

13.4. The MyISAM Storage Engine     [+/-]

13.4.1. MyISAM Startup Options

13.4.2. Space Needed for Keys

13.4.3. MyISAM Table Storage Formats

13.4.4. MyISAM Table Problems

13.5. The Maria Storage Engine     [+/-]

13.5.1. Maria Configuration

13.5.2. Maria Table Options

13.5.3. Maria Transaction Log

13.5.4. Maria Recovery

13.5.5. Maria Usage Notes

13.5.6. Maria Statement Concurrency

13.5.7. Maria Design Notes

13.5.8. Maria Command-line Tools

13.5.9. Maria Open Bugs

13.5.10. Maria FAQ

13.6. The InnoDB Storage Engine     [+/-]

13.6.1. InnoDB Overview

13.6.2. InnoDB Contact Information

13.6.3. InnoDB Configuration

13.6.4. InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables

13.6.5. Creating and Using InnoDB Tables

13.6.6. Adding, Removing, or Resizing InnoDB Data and Log Files

13.6.7. Backing Up and Recovering an InnoDB Database

13.6.8. Moving an InnoDB Database to Another Machine

13.6.9. The InnoDB Transaction Model and Locking

13.6.10. InnoDB Performance Tuning Tips

13.6.11. InnoDB Multi-Versioning

13.6.12. InnoDB Table and Index Structures

13.6.13. InnoDB File Space Management and Disk I/O

13.6.14. InnoDB Error Handling

13.6.15. Restrictions on InnoDB Tables

13.6.16. InnoDB Troubleshooting

13.7. The Falcon Storage Engine     [+/-]

13.7.1. Falcon Features

13.7.2. Configuration Parameters

13.7.3. Creating the Falcon Tablespace

13.7.4. Creating Tables and Indexes within Falcon

13.7.5. Obtaining Performance Diagnostics

13.7.6. Principles and Terminology

13.7.7. Notes and Limits

13.7.8. Falcon Roadmap

13.8. The MERGE Storage Engine     [+/-]

13.8.1. MERGE Table Problems

13.9. The MEMORY (HEAP) Storage Engine

13.10. The EXAMPLE Storage Engine

13.11. The FEDERATED Storage Engine     [+/-]

13.11.1. FEDERATED Storage Engine Overview

13.11.2. How to Create FEDERATED Tables

13.11.3. FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips

13.11.4. FEDERATED Storage Engine Resources

13.12. The ARCHIVE Storage Engine

13.13. The CSV Storage Engine     [+/-]

13.13.1. Repairing and Checking CSV Tables

13.13.2. CSV Limitations

13.14. The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine

14. High Availability and Scalability     [+/-]

14.1. Using MySQL with DRBD for High Availability     [+/-]

14.1.1. Configuring the DRBD Environment

14.1.2. Configuring MySQL for DRBD

14.1.3. Optimizing Performance and Reliability

14.2. Using Linux HA Heartbeat     [+/-]

14.2.1. Heartbeat Configuration

14.2.2. Using Heartbeat with MySQL and DRBD

14.2.3. Using Heartbeat with DRBD and dopd

14.2.4. Dealing with System Level Errors

14.3. MySQL and Virtualization     [+/-]

14.3.1. Common Issues with Virtualization

14.3.2. Using MySQL within an Amazon EC2 Instance

14.3.3. Virtualization Resources

14.4. Using MySQL with memcached     [+/-]

14.4.1. Installing memcached

14.4.2. Using memcached

14.4.3. memcached Interfaces

14.4.4. Getting memcached Statistics

14.4.5. memcached FAQ

14.5. MySQL Proxy     [+/-]

14.5.1. MySQL Proxy Supported Platforms

14.5.2. Installing MySQL Proxy

14.5.3. MySQL Proxy Command-Line Options

14.5.4. MySQL Proxy Scripting

14.5.5. Using MySQL Proxy

14.5.6. MySQL Proxy FAQ

15. Replication     [+/-]

15.1. Replication Configuration     [+/-]

15.1.1. How to Set Up Replication

15.1.2. Replication Formats

15.1.3. Replication Option and Variable Reference

15.1.4. Replication Options and Variables

15.1.5. Common Replication Administration Tasks

15.2. Replication Solutions     [+/-]

15.2.1. Using Replication for Backups

15.2.2. Using Replication with Different Master and Slave Storage Engines

15.2.3. Using Replication for Scale-Out

15.2.4. Replicating Different Databases to Different Slaves

15.2.5. Improving Replication Performance

15.2.6. Switching Masters During Failover

15.2.7. Upgrading Multi-Master Replication

15.2.8. Setting Up Replication Using SSL

15.3. Replication Notes and Tips     [+/-]

15.3.1. Replication Features and Issues

15.3.2. Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions

15.3.3. Upgrading a Replication Setup

15.3.4. Replication FAQ

15.3.5. Troubleshooting Replication

15.3.6. How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems

15.4. Replication Implementation     [+/-]

15.4.1. Replication Implementation Details

15.4.2. Replication Relay and Status Files

15.4.3. How Servers Evaluate Replication Rules

16. Partitioning     [+/-]

16.1. Overview of Partitioning in MySQL

16.2. Partition Types     [+/-]

16.2.1. RANGE Partitioning

16.2.2. LIST Partitioning

16.2.3. HASH Partitioning

16.2.4. KEY Partitioning

16.2.5. Subpartitioning

16.2.6. How MySQL Partitioning Handles NULL

16.3. Partition Management     [+/-]

16.3.1. Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions

16.3.2. Management of HASH and KEY Partitions

16.3.3. Maintenance of Partitions

16.3.4. Obtaining Information About Partitions

16.4. Partition Pruning

16.5. Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning     [+/-]

16.5.1. Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys

16.5.2. Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines

16.5.3. Partitioning Limitations Relating to Functions

17. Stored Programs and Views     [+/-]

17.1. Defining Stored Programs

17.2. Using Stored Routines (Procedures and Functions)     [+/-]

17.2.1. Stored Routine Syntax

17.2.2. Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges

17.2.3. Stored Routine Metadata

17.2.4. Stored Procedures, Functions, Triggers, and LAST_INSERT_ID()

17.3. Using Triggers     [+/-]

17.3.1. Trigger Syntax

17.3.2. Trigger Metadata

17.4. Using the Event Scheduler     [+/-]

17.4.1. Event Scheduler Overview

17.4.2. Event Scheduler Configuration

17.4.3. Event Syntax

17.4.4. Event Metadata

17.4.5. Event Scheduler Status

17.4.6. The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges

17.5. Using Views     [+/-]

17.5.1. View Syntax

17.5.2. View Processing Algorithms

17.5.3. Updatable and Insertable Views

17.5.4. View Metadata

17.6. Binary Logging of Stored Programs

18. INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables     [+/-]

18.1. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA Table

18.2. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table

18.3. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table

18.4. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table

18.5. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_PRIVILEGES Table

18.6. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES Table

18.7. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_PRIVILEGES Table

18.8. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_PRIVILEGES Table

18.9. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS Table

18.10. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS Table

18.11. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY Table

18.12. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table

18.13. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEY_COLUMN_USAGE Table

18.14. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES Table

18.15. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table

18.16. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS Table

18.17. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table

18.18. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table

18.19. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS Table

18.20. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table

18.21. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROCESSLIST Table

18.22. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS Table

18.23. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA GLOBAL_STATUS and SESSION_STATUS Tables

18.24. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA GLOBAL_VARIABLES and SESSION_VARIABLES Tables

18.25. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS Table

18.26. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING Table

18.27. Other INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables

18.28. Extensions to SHOW Statements

19. Connectors and APIs     [+/-]

19.1. MySQL Connector/ODBC     [+/-]

19.1.1. Connector/ODBC Versions

19.1.2. Connector/ODBC Introduction

19.1.3. Connector/ODBC Installation

19.1.4. Connector/ODBC Configuration

19.1.5. Connector/ODBC Examples

19.1.6. Connector/ODBC Reference

19.1.7. Connector/ODBC Notes and Tips

19.1.8. Connector/ODBC Support

19.2. MySQL Connector/NET     [+/-]

19.2.1. Connector/NET Versions

19.2.2. Connector/NET Installation

19.2.3. Connector/NET Examples and Usage Guide

19.2.4. Connector/NET Reference

19.2.5. Connector/NET Notes and Tips

19.2.6. Connector/NET Support

19.3. MySQL Visual Studio Plugin     [+/-]

19.3.1. Installing the MySQL Visual Studio Plugin

19.3.2. Creating a connection to the MySQL server

19.3.3. Using the MySQL Visual Studio Plugin

19.3.4. Visual Studio Plugin Support

19.4. MySQL Connector/J     [+/-]

19.4.1. Connector/J Versions

19.4.2. Connector/J Installation

19.4.3. Connector/J Examples

19.4.4. Connector/J (JDBC) Reference

19.4.5. Connector/J Notes and Tips

19.4.6. Connector/J Support

19.5. MySQL Connector/MXJ     [+/-]

19.5.1. Connector/MXJ Overview

19.5.2. Connector/MXJ Versions

19.5.3. Connector/MXJ Installation

19.5.4. Connector/MXJ Configuration

19.5.5. Connector/MXJ Reference

19.5.6. Connector/MXJ Notes and Tips

19.5.7. Connector/MXJ Support

19.6. libmysqld, the Embedded MySQL Server Library     [+/-]

19.6.1. Compiling Programs with libmysqld

19.6.2. Restrictions When Using the Embedded MySQL Server

19.6.3. Options with the Embedded Server

19.6.4. Embedded Server Examples

19.6.5. Licensing the Embedded Server

19.7. MySQL C API     [+/-]

19.7.1. C API Data Types

19.7.2. C API Function Overview

19.7.3. C API Function Descriptions

19.7.4. C API Prepared Statements

19.7.5. C API Prepared Statement Data types

19.7.6. C API Prepared Statement Function Overview

19.7.7. C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions

19.7.8. C API Prepared Statement Problems

19.7.9. C API Handling of Multiple Statement Execution

19.7.10. C API Handling of Date and Time Values

19.7.11. C API Threaded Function Descriptions

19.7.12. C API Embedded Server Function Descriptions

19.7.13. Controlling Automatic Reconnection Behavior

19.7.14. Common Questions and Problems When Using the C API

19.7.15. Building Client Programs

19.7.16. How to Make a Threaded Client

19.8. MySQL PHP API     [+/-]

19.8.1. MySQL

19.8.2. MySQL Improved Extension (Mysqli)

19.8.3. MySQL Functions (PDO_MYSQL)

19.8.4. Connector/PHP

19.8.5. Common Problems with MySQL and PHP

19.8.6. Enabling Both mysql and mysqli in PHP

19.9. MySQL Perl API

19.10. MySQL C++ API

19.11. MySQL Python API

19.12. MySQL Ruby APIs     [+/-]

19.12.1. The MySQL/Ruby API

19.12.2. The Ruby/MySQL API

19.13. MySQL Tcl API

19.14. MySQL Eiffel Wrapper

20. Extending MySQL     [+/-]

20.1. MySQL Internals     [+/-]

20.1.1. MySQL Threads

20.1.2. MySQL Test Suite

20.2. The MySQL Plugin Interface     [+/-]

20.2.1. Characteristics of the Plugin Interface

20.2.2. Full-Text Parser Plugins

20.2.3. Writing Plugins

20.3. Adding New Functions to MySQL     [+/-]

20.3.1. Features of the User-Defined Function Interface

20.3.2. Adding a New User-Defined Function

20.3.3. Adding a New Native Function

20.4. Adding New Procedures to MySQL     [+/-]

20.4.1. PROCEDURE ANALYSE

20.4.2. Writing a Procedure

20.5. Debugging and Porting MySQL     [+/-]

20.5.1. Debugging a MySQL Server

20.5.2. Debugging a MySQL Client

20.5.3. The DBUG Package

20.5.4. Comments about RTS Threads

20.5.5. Differences Between Thread Packages

A. MySQL 6.0 Frequently Asked Questions     [+/-]

A.1. MySQL 6.0 FAQ — General

A.2. MySQL 6.0 FAQ — Storage Engines

A.3. MySQL 6.0 FAQ — Server SQL Mode

A.4. MySQL 6.0 FAQ — Stored Procedures and Functions

A.5. MySQL 6.0 FAQ — Triggers

A.6. MySQL 6.0 FAQ — Views

A.7. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — INFORMATION_SCHEMA

A.8. MySQL 6.0 FAQ — Migration

A.9. MySQL 6.0 FAQ — Security

A.10. MySQL 6.0 FAQ — MySQL Cluster

A.11. MySQL 6.0 FAQ — MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Character Sets

A.12. MySQL 6.0 FAQ — Connectors & APIs

A.13. MySQL 6.0 FAQ — Replication

A.14. MySQL 6.0 FAQ — MySQL, DRBD, and Heartbeat     [+/-]

A.14.1. Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD) Basics

A.14.2. Linux Heartbeat

A.14.3. DRBD Architecture

A.14.4. DRBD and MySQL Replication

A.14.5. DRBD and File Systems

A.14.6. DRBD and LVM

A.14.7. DRBD and Virtualization

A.14.8. DRBD and Security

A.14.9. DRBD and System Requirements

A.14.10. DBRD and Support and Consulting

B. Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems     [+/-]

B.1. Problems and Common Errors     [+/-]

B.1.1. How to Determine What Is Causing a Problem

B.1.2. Common Errors When Using MySQL Programs

B.1.3. Installation-Related Issues

B.1.4. Administration-Related Issues

B.1.5. Query-Related Issues

B.1.6. Optimizer-Related Issues

B.1.7. Table Definition-Related Issues

B.1.8. Known Issues in MySQL

B.2. Types of Error Values

B.3. Server Error Codes and Messages

B.4. Client Error Codes and Messages

C. MySQL Change History     [+/-]

C.1. Changes in release 6.0.x (Development)     [+/-]

C.1.1. Changes in MySQL 6.0.9 (Not yet released)

C.1.2. Changes in MySQL 6.0.8 (Not yet released)

C.1.3. Changes in MySQL 6.0.7 (29 September 2008)

C.1.4. Changes in MySQL 6.0.6 (11 August 2008)

C.1.5. Changes in MySQL 6.0.5 (12 June 2008)

C.1.6. Changes in MySQL 6.0.4 (12 February 2008)

C.1.7. Changes in MySQL 6.0.3 (16 November 2007)

C.1.8. Changes in MySQL 6.0.2 (04 September 2007)

C.1.9. Changes in MySQL 6.0.1 (Not released)

C.1.10. Changes in MySQL 6.0.0 (30 April 2007: Alpha)

C.2. Changes in release 5.2.x (Development)     [+/-]

C.2.1. Changes in MySQL 5.2.5 (08 August 2007)

C.2.2. Changes in MySQL 5.2.4 (Not released)

C.2.3. Changes in MySQL 5.2.3 (15 February 2007)

C.2.4. Changes in MySQL 5.2.2 (Not released)

C.2.5. Changes in MySQL 5.2.1 (Not released: Alpha)

C.3. MySQL Connector/ODBC (MyODBC) Change History     [+/-]

C.3.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.6 (Not yet released)

C.3.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.5 (18 August 2008)

C.3.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.4 (15 April 2008)

C.3.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.3 (26 March 2008)

C.3.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.2 (13 February 2008)

C.3.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.1 (13 December 2007)

C.3.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.0 (10 September 2007)

C.3.8. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.12 (Never released)

C.3.9. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.11 (31 January 2007)

C.3.10. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.10 (14 December 2006)

C.3.11. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.9 (22 November 2006)

C.3.12. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.8 (17 November 2006)

C.3.13. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.7 (08 November 2006)

C.3.14. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.6 (03 November 2006)

C.3.15. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.5 (17 October 2006)

C.3.16. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.3 (Connector/ODBC 5.0 Alpha 3) (20 June 2006)

C.3.17. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.2 (Never released)

C.3.18. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.1 (Connector/ODBC 5.0 Alpha 2) (05 June 2006)

C.3.19. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.27 (Not yet released)

C.3.20. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.26 (07 July 2008)

C.3.21. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.25 (11 April 2008)

C.3.22. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.24 (14 March 2008)

C.3.23. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.23 (09 January 2008)

C.3.24. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.22 (13 November 2007)

C.3.25. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.21 (08 October 2007)

C.3.26. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.20 (10 September 2007)

C.3.27. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.19 (10 August 2007)

C.3.28. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.18 (08 August 2007)

C.3.29. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.17 (14 July 2007)

C.3.30. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.16 (14 June 2007)

C.3.31. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.15 (07 May 2007)

C.3.32. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.14 (08 March 2007)

C.3.33. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.13 (Never released)

C.3.34. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.12 (11 February 2005)

C.3.35. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.11 (28 January 2005)

C.4. MySQL Connector/NET Change History     [+/-]

C.4.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.3.0 (Not yet released)

C.4.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.2.4 (13 November 2008)

C.4.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.2.3 (19 August 2008)

C.4.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.2.2 (12 May 2008)

C.4.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.2.1 (27 February 2008)

C.4.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.2.0 (11 February 2008)

C.4.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.8 (Not yet released)

C.4.8. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.7 (21 August 2008)

C.4.9. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.6 (12 May 2008)

C.4.10. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.5 (Not yet released)

C.4.11. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.4 (20 November 2007)

C.4.12. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.3 (21 September 2007: beta)

C.4.13. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.2 (18 June 2007)

C.4.14. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.1 (23 May 2007)

C.4.15. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.0 (01 May 2007)

C.4.16. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.10 (Not yet released)

C.4.17. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.9 (Not yet released)

C.4.18. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.8 (21 August 2007)

C.4.19. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.7 (18 May 2007)

C.4.20. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.6 (22 March 2007)

C.4.21. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.5 (07 March 2007)

C.4.22. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.4 (Not released)

C.4.23. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.3 (05 January 2007)

C.4.24. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.2 (06 November 2006)

C.4.25. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.1 (01 October 2006)

C.4.26. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.0 (08 August 2006)

C.4.27. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.11 (Not yet released)

C.4.28. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.10 (24 August 2007)

C.4.29. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.9 (02 February 2007)

C.4.30. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.8 (20 October 2006)

C.4.31. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.7 (21 November 2005)

C.4.32. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.6 (03 October 2005)

C.4.33. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.5 (29 August 2005)

C.4.34. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.4 (20 January 2005)

C.4.35. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.3 (12 October 2004: gamma)

C.4.36. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.2 (15 November 2004: gamma)

C.4.37. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.1 (27 October 2004: beta)

C.4.38. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.0 (01 September 2004)

C.4.39. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.9.0 (30 August 2004)

C.4.40. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.76

C.4.41. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.75

C.4.42. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.74

C.4.43. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.71

C.4.44. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.70

C.4.45. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.68

C.4.46. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.65

C.4.47. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.60

C.4.48. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.50

C.5. MySQL Visual Studio Plugin Change History     [+/-]

C.5.1. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.3 (Not yet released)

C.5.2. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.2 (Not yet released)

C.5.3. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.1 (4 October 2006)

C.5.4. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.0 (4 October 2006)

C.6. MySQL Connector/J Change History     [+/-]

C.6.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 5.1.x

C.6.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 5.0.x

C.6.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 3.1.x

C.6.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 3.0.x

C.6.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 2.0.x

C.6.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 1.2b (04 July 1999)

C.6.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 1.2.x and lower

C.7. MySQL Connector/MXJ Change History     [+/-]

C.7.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.6 (04 May 2007)

C.7.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.5 (14 March 2007)

C.7.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.4 (28 January 2007)

C.7.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.3 (24 June 2006)

C.7.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.2 (15 June 2006)

C.7.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.1 (Never released)

C.7.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.0 (09 December 2005)

C.8. MySQL Proxy Change History     [+/-]

C.8.1. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.6.0 (Not yet released)

C.8.2. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.5.1 (30 June 2007)

C.8.3. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.5.0 (19 June 2007)

D. Restrictions and Limits     [+/-]

D.1. Restrictions on Stored Routines, Triggers, and Events

D.2. Restrictions on Server-Side Cursors

D.3. Restrictions on Subqueries

D.4. Restrictions on Views

D.5. Restrictions on XA Transactions

D.6. Restrictions on Character Sets

D.7. Restrictions on BACKUP DATABASE and RESTORE

D.8. Limits in MySQL     [+/-]

D.8.1. Limits of Joins

D.8.2. The Maximum Number of Columns Per Table

D.8.3. Windows Platform Limitations

Index